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Table 3 MAE and RMSE results for the proposed system using Mediapipe framework

From: Joint angle estimation during shoulder abduction exercise using contactless technology

Angle

MAE (\(^\circ\))

RMSE (\(^\circ\))

2 m

2.5 m

3.5 m

2 m

2.5 m

3.5 m

\(\alpha _{L}\)

7.42 ± 1.18

8.79 ± 2.44

14.34 ± 9.18

8.56 ± 1.39

9.75 ± 2.40

16.19 ± 9.67

\(\beta _{L}\)

1.87 ± 0.65

1.74 ± 0.59

3.05 ± 2.58

2.22 ± 0.71

2.13 ± 0.67

3.05 ± 2.58

\(\gamma _{L}\)

1.64 ± 0.36

1.77 ± 0.62

2.22 ± 1.24

2.08 ± 0.42

2.26 ± 0.71

2.66 ± 1.45

\(\alpha _{R}\)

8.48 ± 2.67

9.62 ± 3.14

15.63 ± 11.34

9.87 ± 3.09

11.12 ± 3.51

17.32 ± 12.16

\(\beta _{R}\)

2.35 ± 1.30

2.20 ± 1.27

8.95 ± 7.15

2.78 ± 1.58

2.68 ± 1.71

11.14 ± 8.90

\(\gamma _{R}\)

1.97 ± 0.89

1.85 ± 0.88

5.53 ± 4.65

2.33 ± 0.96

2.28 ± 1.09

6.74 ± 5.41