Deep learning of longitudinal chest X-ray and clinical variables predicts duration on ventilator and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Table 2 Performance metrics of models in predicting mortality using CXR data alone, non-imaging data alone, and their combination for 1, 3 and 5 days on mechanical ventilator

		AUC	Accuracy	Precision	Recall	F1 score
Day 1	CXR	0.67 (0.18)	0.75 (0.08)	0.58 (0.18)	0.56 (0.13)	0.55 (0.10)
	Non-imaging variables	0.69 (0.06)	0.74 (0.06)	0.59 (0.07)	0.64 (0.32)	0.57 (0.18)
	CXR + non-imaging variables	0.70 (0.14)	0.78 (0.08)	0.79 (0.19)	0.56 (0.26)	0.60 (0.22)
Day 5	CXR	0.70 (0.09)	0.73 (0.03)	0.62 (0.01)	0.56 (0.21)	0.57 (0.13)
	Non-imaging variables	0.69 (0.05)	0.73 (0.05)	0.66 (0.07)	0.50 (0.15)	0.55 (0.09)
	CXR + non-imaging variables	0.74 (0.04)	0.78 (0.02)	0.69 (0.09)	0.63 (0.08)	0.65 (0.07)
Day 1–3	CXR	0.71 (0.04)	0.76 (0.04)	0.69 (0.10)	0.67 (0.12)	0.67 (0.06)
	Non-imaging variables	0.77 (0.06)	0.80 (0.04)	0.85 (0.14)	0.42 (0.23)	0.51 (0.21)
	CXR + non-imaging variables	0.78 (0.05)	0.80 (0.04)	0.87 (0.15)	0.56 (0.20)	0.65 (0.13)
Day 3–5	CXR	0.77 (0.07)	0.78 (0.03)	0.81 (0.04)	0.61 (0.10)	0.69 (0.07)
	Non-imaging variables	0.78 (0.04)	0.78 (0.04)	0.69 (0.06)	0.61 (0.05)	0.65 (0.05)
	CXR + non-imaging variables	0.81 (0.00)	0.80 (0.03)	0.83 (0.12)	0.61 (0.19)	0.67 (0.11)
Day 1–5	CXR	0.80 (0.05)	0.80 (0.03)	0.77 (0.14)	0.70 (0.16)	0.71 (0.05)
	Non-imaging variables	0.83 (0.03)	0.82 (0.02)	0.82 (0.11)	0.69 (0.09)	0.74 (0.05)
	CXR + non-imaging variables	0.87 (0.06)	0.85 (0.04)	0.80 (0.04)	0.68 (0.08)	0.74 (0.06)

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