Table 1 Patient demographics, comorbidities, and clinical variables of dead and alive patients
| Â | Patients, no. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|  | Died (n = 76) | Survived (n = 110) | p value |
Demographics | Â | Â | Â |
 Age, median (IQR) | 67 (58, 73) | 56 (50, 64) |  < 0.001 |
 Sex |  |  | 0.117 |
  Male | 59 (77.6%) | 74 (67.3%) |  |
  Female | 17 (22.3%) | 36 (32.7%) |  |
 Ethnicity |  |  | 0.374 |
  Hispanic/Latino | 20 (26.3%) | 35 (31.8%) |  |
  Non-Hispanic/Latino | 44 (57.9%) | 61 (55.5%) |  |
  Unknown | 12 (15.8%) | 14 (12.7%) |  |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â |
 Smoking history |  |  | 0.036 |
  Current smoker | 4 (5.3%) | 3 (2.7%) |  |
  Former smoker | 21 (27.6%) | 14 (12.7%) |  |
  Never smoker | 46 (60.5%) | 86 (78.2%) |  |
  Unknown | 5 (6.6%) | 7 (6.4%) |  |
 Diabetes | 25 (32.9%) | 32 (29.1%) | 0.585 |
 Hypertension | 46 (60.5%) | 45 (40.9%) | 0.008 |
 Asthma | 7 (9.2%) | 12 (10.9%) | 0.705 |
 COPD | 7 (9.2%) | 6 (5.5%) | 0.348 |
 Coronary artery disease | 18 (23.7%) | 8 (7.3%) | 0.004 |
 Heart failure | 6 (7.9%) | 3 (2.7%) | 0.141 |
 Cancer | 3 (3.9%) | 3 (2.7%) | 0.656 |
 Immunosuppression | 2 (2.6%) | 9 (8.2%) | 0.086 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 5 (6.6%) | 6 (5.5%) | 0.755 |
Laboratory findings at admission, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â |
 Alanine aminotransferase, U/L (alt) | 43 (24, 71) | 43 (25, 80) | 0.194 |
 C-reactive protein, mg/dL (crp) | 10.6 (4.9, 19.5) | 5.3 (1.6, 12.1) |  < 0.001 |
 D-dimer, ng/mL (ddim) | 1574 (793, 3290) | 887 (498, 1894) |  < 0.001 |
 Ferritin, ng/mL (fer) | 1267 (776, 2149) | 861 (478, 1432) |  < 0.001 |
 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L (ldh) | 540 (411, 696) | 392.0 (298, 512) |  < 0.001 |
 White blood cells, × 103/ml (wbc) | 13.0 (8.9, 19.3) | 10.9 (8.4, 14.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Lymphocytes, % (lym) | 4.5 (2.1, 8.0) | 8.9 (4.5, 15.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Procalcitonin, ng/mL (procal) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.9) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.6) | 0.019 |
 Troponin T, ng/mL (tnt) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L (ast) | 49.0 (32.0, 76.0) | 38.0 (25.0, 63.0) | 0.005 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL (crt) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.7) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.3) |  < 0.001 |
Blood gases and others | Â | Â | Â |
 pCO2 | 48.0 (42.0, 57.0) | 47.0 (40.0, 53.0) | 0.020 |
 HCO3 | 26.0 (22.0, 31.0) | 26.8 (23.0, 31.0) | 0.113 |
 pH | 7.3 (7.3, 7.4) | 7.4 (7.3, 7.4) |  < 0.001 |
 pO2 | 78.0 (64.9, 99.0) | 82.7 (69.0, 105.0) | 0.001 |
 Hematocrit (hcrit) | 31.2 (26.7, 37.0) | 31.7 (27.4, 37.7) |  < 0.001 |
 Potassium, mEq/L (k) | 4.3 (3.9, 4.9) | 4.1 (3.7, 4.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Sodium, mEq/L (Na) | 141.0 (137.0, 147.0) | 141.0 (138.0, 145.0) |  < 0.001 |
Vital signs, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â |
 Heart Rate, bpm (hr) | 86.0 (72.0, 101.0) | 84.0 (71.0, 97.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Respiratory rate, bpm (rr) | 25.0 (20.0, 30.0) | 23.0 (20.0, 27.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Oxygen saturation (o2) | 96.0 (93.0, 98.0) | 97.0 (94.0, 99.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (sbp) | 122.0 (109.0, 138.0) | 124.0 (111.0, 142.0) | 0.008 |
 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (dbp) | 64.0 (58.0, 72.0) | 67.0 (60.0, 76.0) | 0.005 |
 Mean arterial pressure, mmHg (map) | 84.0 (77.0, 95.0) | 88.0 (79.0, 98.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Temperature, °C (temp) | 37.0 (36.7, 37.5) | 36.9 (36.7, 37.2) |  < 0.001 |
 FiO2, % | 70.0 (50.0, 90.0) | 50.0 (40.0, 60.0) |  < 0.001 |