Fig. 2

Results of mechanical simulation of single cell under normal (Ori) and HF conditions. a Intracellular calcium transient Calcium concentration, b myocardial tension, c muscle shortening, and d ATP consumption rate as obtained from simulations under isotonic (load = 10 kPa) and isometric (load = 1000 kPa) conditions with Ori and HF cases during one cycle. The calcium transient is normalized by the peak calcium concentration under normal conditions. Muscle length is normalized by its value in the isotonic contraction phase. The ATP consumption rate is normalized by the peak ATP consumption rate under Ori and isometric conditions