Figure 3
From: A simulating analysis of the effects of increased joint stiffness on muscle loading in a thumb
The predicted forces in the FPL, EPB, EPL, APB, FPB, ADPt, and ADPo muscles as a function of the MCP joint motions. The left column of the figures shows the muscle force responses as a function of MCP extension(-)/flexion(+), while the right column of the figures shows those as a function of MCP abduction(-)/adduction(+). The joint stiffness of the thumb was considered to increase by 50% (k 1) and 100% (k 2) from the normal thumb (k 0).