Figure 2

Two-shot RARE pulse sequence that was used for monitoring IRE. The sequence consists of a current encoding part with a short (100 μs long) high-voltage electroporation pulse (yellow) delivered immediately after the nonselective 90° radiofrequency (RF) excitation pulse. In the second part of the sequence signal acquisition is performed using the single-shot RARE signal acquisition scheme that includes standard execution of readout (Gr), phase-encoding (Gp) and slice-selection (Gs) magnetic field gradients. Due to auxiliary phase encoding induced by the electric pulse, the RARE sequence is repeated twice, each time with a different phase of the refocusing pulses (0°and 90°), and the corresponding signals are co-added.